Using virtual models and simulations can help improve research results and reduce the cost of in vitro and in vivo experiments.
12, 13, 14, 15, 16 In fact, some dental and medical studies have been conducted on living subjects. 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 Recently, finite element analysis (FEA) has been used in biomechanical researches of clinical situations and various areas of dentistry. Most studies on fracture mechanism in restored teeth are based on “ in vivo” or “ in vitro” experimental analyses. Many dental researches have been conducted to find responses of restoration and restored tooth using various factors applied from outside, such as occlusal loading. For restorative dental material, a prerequisite is its ability to withstand chewing forces in the oral environment. 7 However, ceramic and composite restorations in posterior teeth have substituted gold restorations under various dental situations. Gold restoration has been successfully used in dentistry for a long time. When selecting materials for posterior restorations, clinicians need to take increasing patient expectations of aesthetic restorations and functionality into consideration. Gold alloy, composite resins, and dental ceramics are commonly used to restore inlay/onlay cavities of posterior teeth. Controversy exists on the type of restoration that should be used to restore large defects to avoid fractures and improve survival rate. 4 has reported that inlay restorations have higher failures rate than onlay restorations after a 5-year clinical evaluation. 3 have reported that tooth-inlay complex has higher fracture resistance than tooth-onlay complex. Reports on the strength of teeth after restoration using different designs are ambiguous. Vital teeth with conservative restorations are less susceptible to fracture than large restorations regardless of restorative material used.
Compared to inlay, preparation of onlay requires additional tooth reduction. It may completely cover the occlusal surface to obtain good stress distribution of the teeth. However, onlays can restore one or more cusps. Inlays can restore cavities inside the teeth. In restorative dentistry, inlays and onlays are frequently used as treatment options to restore missing tooth structure after removal of caries.
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